2006—2011年广宁县狂犬病流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of rabies in Guangning from 2006-2011

目的分析广宁县2006—2011年狂犬病流行情况,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对广宁县2006—2011年报告的狂犬病资料进行统计分析。结果广宁县2006—2011年共报告狂犬病34例,死亡34例,病死亡率为100%。每年均有病例报告,年平均发病率为1.31/10万。34例病例均分布在农村,性别比为2.78∶1;发病年龄以50～59岁为主,占35.29%;其次为40～49岁和60～69岁,各占20.59%。职业分布以农民为主,占91.18%;其次为学生,占5.88%。发病时间以4—6月最多,共18例,占总发病人数的52.94%。83.25%的病例被犬只抓、咬伤或接触犬只感染病毒。58.82%的病例暴露后伤口未作处理或未及时正确处理。91.18%的病例未接种人用狂犬病疫苗。结论犬伤后患者的伤口未及时作规范处理、未接种人用狂犬病疫苗或同时使用抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白是广宁县狂犬病发病的主要原因。加强狂犬病预防知识特别是暴露处理知识的宣传,提高群众预防意识,是防制狂犬病的有效措施。

[ Objective ] To analyze the epidemiological situation of rabies in Guangning County from 2006-2011, and provide scien- tific evidence for developing solutions and prevention measures. [ Methods] Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the repor- ted rabies data of Guangning County from 2006-2011. [ Results] A total of 34 rabies cases were reported from 2006-2011, with an- nual incidence of 1.31/100 000 and annual fatality rate of 100%. All cases lived in rural area, the gender ratio of male to female was 2.78 ： 1 ; 35.29% cases aged 50- 59 years Old, 20.59% aged 40- 49 years and 20.59% aged 60- 69 years. Occupation dis- tribution showed most patients were farmers （9l. 18% ）, followed by students （ 5.88% ）. The peak incidence appeared in April to June, with a total of 18 cases （52.94%） ;83.25% cases infected via bite and scratch or contact with infected rabid dog; 58.82% cases did not received wound treatment or received untimely and incorrect treatment; 91. 18% cases were not immunized. [ Conclusion] The main reasons for rabies epidemic in Guangning County are untimely and incorrect wound treatment, no immuni- zation of rabies vaccine or no simultaneous use of human rabies immune globulin. The strengthening of rabies prevention knowledge propaganda especially exposure treatment knowledge, improving public awareness of prevention are the effective measures for rabies control.