2008—2011年西安市手足口病流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xi'an City from 2008-2011

目的分析西安市手足口病的流行和发展趋势,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对西安市2008—2011年手足口病疫情资料进行分析。结果西安市2008—2011年累计报告手足口病56 227例,年均报告发病率为177.51/10万;死亡13例,年均病死率为0.023%;4年累计报告重症病例362例,重症率0.64%;EV71病毒感染占51.71%。4—7月为手足口病高发季节,发病数占发病总数的71.13%;0～5岁为高发年龄,发病数占发病总数的94.97%;病例以散居儿童和托幼儿童为主,占发病总数的96.89%。男性年均报告发病率为207.83/10万;女性为145.42/10万;男性发病高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。居发病率前3位的是城乡接合部的未央区、雁塔区和长安区,年均发病率分别为287.94/10万、229.53/10万和195.36/10万。结论西安市手足口病具有明显的春夏季高发特点,5岁以下儿童为手足口病高危人群,城乡接合部为高发地区。应重点加强托幼机构手足口病的预防控制工作,加大农村地区的健康教育和卫生宣传,有效控制手足口病的暴发流行。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic and development trend of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xi＇an City,provide the scientific basis for making the control strategies.[Methods]The epidemic data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xi＇an City from 2008-2011 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method.[Results]A total of 56 227 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in Xi＇an City from 2008-2011,and the average annual reported incidence rate was 177.51/lakh.There were 13 death cases with the average annual mortality of 0.023%.362 severe cases were reported in 4 years,and the severity rate was 0.64%.51.71% of cases were infected with EV71.71.13% of cases occurred April to July,which was the peak season.94.97% of patients were children aged 0-5 years old,and 96.89% were scattered children and nursing children.The average annual reported incidence rate in males（207.83/lakh） was higher than that in females（145.42/lakh）,and the difference was significant（P0.01）.The top three regions were Weiyang district,Yanta district and Chang＇an district inrural-urban continuum,which the average annual incidence rate was respectively 287.94/lakh,229.53/lakh and 195.36/lakh.[Conclusion]There is an obvious seasonality of high incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in spring and summer in Xi＇an City,children under 5 years old are the high-risk population,and the rural-urban continuum is the high-incidence area.It is important to strengthen the prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease in nurseries and kindergartens,improve the health education and sanitary promotion in rural areas,to effectively control the outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease.