山东省居家老年女性健康及生活自理能力状况调查

Investigation on the health status and activeities of daily life among elderly female at home in Shandong province

目的了解居家老年女性的躯体、心理、社会健康状况及生活自理能力的情况及影响因素。方法采用分层多级抽样方法，采用自制问卷及中文版简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）、老年抑郁量表（GDS）、家庭功能评估量表（APGAR）调查山东省378名居家老年女性的人口学资料、躯体健康、心理健康及社会健康状况，采用描述性分析、χ2检验进行统计学分析。结果居家老年女性常见慢性疾病的患病率为86.7%；常见健康问题的发生率为91.9%；日常生活能力（ADL）、功能性日常生活能力（IADL）完好者分别为52.4%，22.2%；认知功能缺损、有抑郁症状的老年女性分别为32.8%，62.7%；家庭功能完好的老年女性为61.4%。年龄、婚姻状况、慢性病种类数、健康问题种类数、认知功能、抑郁及健康自评影响老年女性的ADL，前四者同样影响老年女性的IADL。结论居家老年女性存在躯体、心理及社会健康问题。开展居家老年女性常见慢性疾病及健康问题的健康教育，给生活自理障碍的老年女性提供自理工具，维持并提高老年女性良好的家庭功能，有助于促进老年女性的健康老龄化。

Objective To investigate physical, mental, social health status and activities of daily life and their influencing factors among elderly female at home. Methods 378 cases of elderly female were selected with multistage stratified random sampling method and surveyed with demographic information, physical health, mental health and social health. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. Results The prevalence of chronic disease and common health problems in elderly female at home was 86.7% and 91.9% respectively. 52.4% of female elderly were ADL independent and 22.2% were IADL independent. The occurrence of cognitive impairment and depression was 32. 8% and 62.7% respectively. 61.4% had good function of family. Age, marital status, number of types of chronic disease, number of categories of health problem, cognitive function, depression and self-rated health were influential factors of ADL. The first four factors also influenced IADL. Conclusions Elderly female at home have some physical, mental and social health problems. Therefore, carrying out health education on common chronic diseases and health problems, providing self-care tools for elderly women with defect of daily living, maintaining and enhancing good family functions would promote healthy aging of elderly female.