深圳市南山区生产企业化学毒物急性职业病危害风险分析

Analysis on acute occupational hazard of toxicants in enterprises of Nanshan District in Shenzhen City

目的探讨深圳市南山区因生产中接触化学毒物引起急性职业病危害的风险,为职业病防治提供依据。方法用Excel建立数据库,分析2009年6月—2011年7月深圳市南山区职业病危害申报和职业卫生监督资料,分析2008—2011年生产企业职业病危害因素检测报告中毒物超标的报告。结果危害企业数、接害人数、超标毒物种类位居首位的是通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业,接害人数位居前3位的毒物是铅及其化合物、苯系物、正己烷,苯系物分布范围最广。毒物检测点超标情况:苯时间加权平均(浓度)(TWA)超标1.30～3.93倍,短时间接触浓度(STEL)超标20.50～26.60倍;甲苯TWA超标0.04～3.96倍,STEL超标0.01～5.41倍;二甲苯TWA超标5.68倍;甲醇TWA超标0.30～1.03倍,STEL超标0.51～4.06倍;硫酸及三氧化硫TWA超标0.005～0.16倍;氯化氢及盐酸C-MAC超标1.25倍;锰及其无机化合物TWA超标0.07～22.33倍;铅烟TWA超标1.13～25.33倍,铅尘TWA超标0.02～25.00倍;三氯乙烯TWA超标0.03～25.10倍;一氧化碳STEL超标0.03～1.06倍,正己烷TWA超标0.05～6.28倍;STEL超标0.06～5.70倍。结论通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业属于化学毒物急性职业病危害高风险的行业。三氯乙烯、苯、甲苯等有机溶剂属于急性职业病危害高风险的有害因素。二甲苯、甲醇、一氧化碳、正己烷、硫酸及三氧化硫、氯化氢及盐酸、铅烟等化学毒物急性职业病危害风险依然存在。

[Objective]To understand the risk of acute occupational hazard caused by toxicant exposure in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City,and provide evidence for the prevention of occupational disease.[Methods]Excel was used to form database in analyzing the data collected from occupational hazardous report and occupational hygienic supervision of Nanshan District during June 2009-July 2011,collected from toxicant exceeded enterprises of Nanshan District during 2008-2011.[Results] The top industry in number of enterprises with occupational hazard,explored workers,type of toxicants exceeded was manufacture of communication equipment computer and other electronic equipment.The top 3 toxicants in number of explored workers were lead and inorganic compounds,benzene series,n-hexane.Benzene series were most widely distributed.The result of toxicant test showed that benzene exceeded standard 1.30-3.93 times（TWA） and 20.50-26.60 times（STEL）,toluene exceeded 0.04-3.96 times（TWA） and 0.01-5.41 times（STEL）,xylene exceeded 5.68 times（TWA）,methanol exceeded 0.30-1.03 times（TWA） and 0.51-4.06 times（STEL）,sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide exceeded 0.005-0.16 times（TWA）,hydrogen chloride and chlorhydric acid exceeded 1.25 times（C-MAC）,manganese and inorganic compounds exceeded 0.07-22.33 times（TWA）,lead fume exceeded 1.13-25.33 times（TWA）,lead dust exceeded 0.02-25.00 times（TWA）,trichloroethylene exceeded 0.03-25.10 times（TWA）,carbon monoxide exceeded 0.03-1.06 times（STEL）,n-hexane exceeded 0.05-6.28 times（TWA） and 0.06-5.70 times（STEL）.[Conclusion]Manufacture of communication equipment computer and other electronic equipment belong to industries with serious occupational hazards.The organic solvents like trichloroethylene,benzene and toluene are considered as the high risk factors.Xylene,methanol,carbon monoxide,n-hexane,sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide,hydrogen chloride and chlorhydric acid and lead fume are still the risk factors.