某制药企业职业健康监护工作探讨

Occupational health surveillance in a pharmaceutical enterprise

目的对某制药企业10年的职业健康监护工作进行总结,为今后更好地开展此项工作积累经验,提出改进措施。方法按照《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》、《职业健康管理监护管理办法》等相关法律、法规的要求确定该企业职业病危害因素的种类、工种岗位、接触人群、体检项目、体检周期、作业场所职业病危害因素监测及服务机构的选择。对其体检结果、监测结果进行分析。结果该制药企业存在的职业病危害因素主要为噪声、高温、粉尘(滑石尘、煤尘)、氨、甲醛、氢氧化钠、乙醇、硫化氢、锰等。应检查职业病危害因素接触人员共6 473人,实查5 975人,体检率为92.31%。未发现疑似职业病者;在5 975人中噪声观察对象29人,占0.49%;听力下降人数194人,占3.25%;职业禁忌证15人,占0.25%;高血压人数565人,占9.46%;脂肪肝人数530人,占8.87%;白细胞减少人数161人,占2.69%;心血管疾病人数89人,占1.49%。作业场所职业病危害因素监测超标的主要为噪声。结论该制药企业生产过程中职业病危害种类多,对接触的员工可以造成不同程度的职业损害,应加强职业卫生管理,加大监督力度。

[Objective]To summarize the experience of occupational health surveillance in a pharmaceutical enterprises for 10 years,to accumulate experience for better implementation,and put forward corrective measures[Methods]Based on＂ Law of the People＇s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases＂,＂ Administration Approach of Occupational Health＂,etc,occupational hazard type,type of work positions,exposed group,physical examination items,examination cycle,occupational hazards monitoring in workplace and selection of service agency were identified.The examination results and surveillance results were analyzed.[Results] The main occupational hazards in this pharmaceutical enterprise were noise,heat,dust（talc dust,coal dust）,ammonia,formaldehyde,sodium hydroxide,ethanol,hydrogen sulfide,manganese,etc.A total of 6 473 employees needed occupational examination,and 5 975 received it,the examination rate was 92.31%.No suspected case of occupational diseases was detected;29 out of 5 975 employees received noise observation,occupying 0.49%;194（3.25%） had hearing loss;15（0.25%） had occupational contraindication;565（9.46%） suffered from hypertension;530（8.87%） had fatty liver;161（2.69%） had leukocytopenia;and 89（1.49%） suffered from angiocardiopathy.The main occupational hazard,which exceeded standard in work place,was noise.[Conclusion]Many kinds of occupational hazards exist in production process of this enterprise,and it can cause occupational damage on exposed workers to different extent.Therefore,the occupational health management and supervision should be enhanced.