汉英离合字谜的元语言和语言学多维分析

Multi-dimensional meta-linguistic and linguistic analysis of Chinese and English riddles about anagrams

汉语与英语中都有离合字谜,二者虽略有差异,其构成机制大致上相互对应。对汉英离合字谜的理解有时不一定使用自然语言语境,而应当进行元语言分析。这符合Verschueren的适应论,可以从Sperber和Wilson的关联理论中得到解释:出谜人是关联理论中的"说话人",谜语是一个"明示过程",猜谜者在面临谜语的特殊"变异性"情况下,在心里进行"协商",以适应猜谜的交际目的和语境,即从自然语言的语境切换到元语言层面进行分析,最终推理得出谜底。文章以几类最有代表性的汉英离合字谜为例加以分析,对这一特殊而有趣的语言现象进行了阐释。

Both Chinese and English have riddles about anagrams whose composition mechanism roughly correspond to each other, despite their slight difference. The understanding of Chinese - English anagrams don＇t have to use natural language context, and may resort to meta -linguistic analysis. This conforms to Verschueren adaptation theory and can be explained by Sperber and Wilson＇s relevance theory： riddle offer is the ＂the speaker＂ in rele- vance theory and the riddle is an ＂express process＂. When facing the special ＂variability＂ cases, the riddle reader experiences ＂consultation＂ in the heart to adapt to communication purpose and context of riddle guessing, that is to switch from natural language context to meta- language level to analyze answers to the riddle. This paper expoun- ded the special and interesting language phenomenon based on several kinds of the most representative Chinese - English anagrams.