中国荞麦属果实形态特征

Morphological characteristics of fruits of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae)from China

应用解剖镜和扫描电镜对中国产荞麦属FagopyrumMill.8种 1变种的果实形态和微形态特征进行了观察。结果表明这些种类的果实可分为 3类 :( 1 )果实三棱锥状 ,表面不光滑 ,无光泽 ,具皱纹网状纹饰 ,此种类型的植物有苦荞麦、金荞麦。 ( 2 )果实卵圆三棱锥状 ,表面光滑 ,有光泽 ,具条纹纹饰 ,此种类型的植物有荞麦、长柄野荞麦、线叶野荞麦。 ( 3)果实卵圆三棱锥状 ,表面光滑 ,有光泽 ,具大量的瘤状颗粒和少数模糊的细条纹纹饰 ,此种类型的植物有硬枝野荞麦、细柄野荞麦、小野荞麦、疏穗小野荞麦。研究结果认为金荞麦与栽培种苦荞麦关系较近。

Macro_ and micro_morphological characteristics of fruits in eight species and one variety of the genus Fagopyrum Mill. (Polygonaceae) from China were observed under stereoscope and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Based on the results, the fruits of the species studied are divided into typeⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The fruits of type Ⅰ are triangular_pyramidal; their surface are rugosely reticulate, neither smooth nor shiny. Two species, F. tataricum and F. dibotrys have this fruit type. Those of type Ⅱ are ovoid_triangular_pyramidal; their surface are smooth and shiny, and striately reticulate. Three species, F. esculentum, F. statice and F. lineare, have this fruit type. In type Ⅲ, the fruits are ovoid_triangular_pyramidal; their surface are smooth and shiny, and covered with many warty grains and sparsely finely striate. F. urophyllum, F. gracilipes, F. leptopodum var. leptopodum, and F. leptopodum var. grossii have this fruit type. Judging from the morphological characteristics of fruits, F. dibotrys might be more closely related to F. tataricum than to F. esculentum.