西藏两栖爬行动物多样性的补充调查及现状

A COMPLEMENTARY SURVEY OF THE HERPETOFAUNA OF XIZANG AUTONOMOUS REGION (TIBET)WITH DISCUSSION OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION AND CURRENT STATUS

本文简要介绍了作者于 1998年到西藏从事两栖爬行动物调查的结果 。

This article, firstly, presents the herpetological sur vey in 1998, t hen discusses the distribution and current status of herpetofauna in Xizang Auto nomous Region (Tibet) By now, it has been recognized that Tibet has 66 species of reptiles and 43 species of amphibians respectively, they belong to 38 genera, 7 families, 2 orders and 14 genera, 5 families, 2 orders, among which two speci es of snake, Ovophis malabaricus and Bungarus bungaroides, are records n ew to Ch ina It still has another Scutiger and Phrynocephalus in the source reg ion of Ya lung Zangbo River, which are sympatryed with Altirana parkeri Stejneger Th e her petofauna of north Tibet is very poor in diversity comparing to the far- flung p l ains, and its specific components are obviously different with the nearby fauna of western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan, but each species distributes widely with much large population; while that of southern Tibet is rich in diversity co mparing to the narrow tropical or sub- tropical areas located in the south slope of Himalayas, and most species only have small populations The main reason is b ecause of the barren, dry, cold and high altitude of north and relatively fertil e, wet, warm and low altitude of south, then it has more and well forests in the south than in the north The tropical and subtropical region should be the nor th margins for tropical species The whole length of Yalung Zangbo River can be divided into four sections accord ing to the distributions of herpetofauna along it, such as sand lizards The fi r st section is from the source to Lhazê where it is separated by Kannai gorge; t he second is from Lhazê to Gyaca and separated by Gyaca gorge; the third is fro m Gyaca to a big gorge and bend (Yalung Zangbo Gorge or Yalung Zangbo Bend) near the Namjagbarwa Peak; the forth section is in Mêdog behind the Bend In addition, for the herpetofauna of Tibet, it should be emphasized that some sp ecies of Mêdog (southeastern Tibet) are same as or much similar with those of t ropical region of Yunnan which is stretched along the borders of China-Burma, Ch ina-Laos and China-Vietnam Mêdog and its neighbor Zayü should be a tropical r egion, it is continued by the tropical region of Yunnan through north Burma Th e tropical and sub-tropical region of Tibet and Yunnan should be a very important zone for tropical animals such as tree frogs, tree-living lizards and some othe r amphibians and reptiles to migrate and disperse, so it can be inferred that th e herpetofauna of Mêdog should not be considered as a separate one as derived f rom its neighbor surroundings The most serious environmental problem to the no r th part of Tibet is becoming desert, which is much damaging to the maintenance o f amphibians and reptiles even though Phrynocephalus While in the south pa rt of Tibet, the increasing of human population and cultivate areas and decreasing of habitats are the great pressures on so many concentrated species which are crow ding in a relative narrow area On the other hand, mankind also should take som e responsibilities for the degeneration of some herpetological species due to the medicine and food use, forest destroying and over- herding