摘要
在恒温 10、15、2 0、2 5和 30℃实验条件下 ,测定了云南省玉溪地区烟蚜茧蜂 (AphidiusgifuensisAsh mead)的发育历期和生殖力等生物学参数。结果显示 ,烟蚜茧蜂发育速率与温度的关系符合逻辑斯蒂曲线 ,即2 5℃从卵至羽化所需历期最短 (10 6 7d) ,30℃发育历期稍有延长 (11 6d)。卵至羽化的发育起点温度为 3 3℃ ,有效积温为 2 6 6 0日度。烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂羽化当天即可产卵 ,在产卵期的前 4天产出总卵量的 90 % (15～ 30℃ ) ;在6 :30～ 2 2 :30产出总卵量的 80 %。温度 >2 5℃对烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂的寿命、生殖力 ,以及对僵蚜体重和羽化率均造成显著的负影响。烟蚜茧蜂雌蜂的寿命、性比、生殖力及僵蚜的体重和羽化率均在 2 0℃时达最佳 ,结合发育历期的结果 ,认为该蜂大规模人工繁殖和释放的最佳温度范围是 2 0～ 2 5℃。就研究结果在生物防治中的应用也进行了讨论。
Temperature is an important climatological variable that influences the biology and ecology of aphids and their parasitoids. Aphidius gifuensis is an important solitary primary endoparasitoid that mainly attacks Myzus persicae at the tobacco growing season in Yuxi,Yunnan Province.The population of A gifu ensis were reared in Lab.in five constant temperatures (10,15,20,25 and 30 ℃) and effects of these constant temperature on developmental rate,longevity,fecundity and reproductive rate were investigated.The relationship between temperature and developmental rate is fits Logistic curve with the fastest developmental rate at 25℃.The temperature threshold and thermal requirement for development from egg to adult were 3 3℃and 266 0 day degree respectively.The female A gifuensis could oviposite 90% eggs during first 4 days in its reproductive period,and 80% of the eggs were oviposited during daytime from 6:30 am to 22:30 pm.High temperatures (>25℃) have significant negative effect on total fecundity,longevity of female parasite,and the weight (size) and emergence rate of aphids mummies of A gifuensis.Moderate temperature (20℃) was optimal for A gifuensis survival,development and reproduction.Moreover,we concluded that the most favorable temperature for mass rearing and releasing of A gifuensis was at the temperature range of 20-25℃in biological control.Furthermore,the application of the result in this study for biological control of M pericae by temperature was also discussed in the paper.
基金
云南省"九五"科技攻关项目
云南省烟草公司"九五"重点计划资助项目!( 95A4-5 )
