哺乳动物克隆的原理与途径

The principle and approach of mammalian clone

在近年来哺乳动物克隆技术研究的基础上；阐述了克隆的定义及其原理。叙述了作为核供体与受体细胞周期的协调性问题，列出了使供体细胞处于特定细胞周期的一些处理方法。同时也叙述了针对不同时期的供体核对受体卵母细胞采取的不同处理。简述了不同类型的显微操作、去核、电融合及化学激活等方法。提出了哺乳动物克隆所面临的一些重要问题。

This review gives the definition of mammalian clone at first. It deals with the relationship between cell cycle and nuclear transplantation, reprogramming based on the developmentof recently progress in mammalian clone. Some measures to synchronization of donor cell cycle inappointment stage such as GO, G1, G2, M and S phase. Some methods by treatment of oocyte asrecipient were also discussed. Especially, five ways of enucleation were given in the axticle. Thecontents aJso include the basic steps of micromanipulation, electric fusion, oocyte activation byelectric and chemical method. At laJst the problems existing in mammaJian clone also shown.