红豆杉属幼苗繁殖技术的研究进展

Advances in Researches on Propagation Techniques of Taxus

红豆杉属 (Taxus)是珍贵的药用植物 ,其紫杉醇的大规模开发应用加剧了资源短缺。本文概述了红豆杉属植物的区域分布、生境和群落学研究结果 ,重点综述了幼苗培育途径及技术关键。种子繁殖的关键是破除休眠和苗期遮荫 ;扦插繁殖的关键是插条年龄及长度、药剂品种与处理时间、扦插基质与季节、圃地荫棚与保暖设施的优化配套 ;组培繁殖的难点是根系诱导和幼苗芽丛形成。现阶段红豆杉属植物的规模化发展宜以扦插供苗为主、辅以种子育苗、攻关组培苗繁殖。

Taxus is a genus of valuable medicinal plants for taxol, the large_scale exp loitation of which has aggravated the shortage of its resources. This paper brie fly describes the distribution, habitats and communities of Taxus and review s the methods and key technical points in producing young plants of the genus. I n propagation by seed, it is important to break the seed dormancy and to shade t he seedlings. In propagation by cuttings, the age and length of the cuttings, th e rooting media, season, and the combination of shading and covering are crucial to their survival. In in vitro propagation, root induction and bud formatio n need to be improved. The large_scale development of Taxus resources curren tly depends mainly on plants produced by cuttings, supplemented by seed propagat ion, and further researches on tissue culture holds potentials for practical use .