运动员运动生涯逆境及应对的质性研究

A Qualitative Investigation on Career Adversities and Coping Strategies in Chinese Athletes

不同层次运动员所遇到的逆境及相应的逆境应对策略也被看作是不同的。对来自2个训练基地7个运动项目的36名运动员、10名教练员和6名项目领导进行半结构式访谈,介于60至90分钟。访谈录音被逐字逐句地转换成文字,并采用启发式决策指导框架进行数据分析。研究者最后确定了3个层次的运动员所面临的典型逆境,即最底层运动员的10个方面典型逆境,中间层运动员的12个方面典型逆境,最高层运动员的4个方面典型逆境。不同层次的运动员会遇到不同的典型逆境,他们也从不同的角度来感知逆境并使用不同类型的应对策略。

The adversities encountered and corresponding coping strategies for athletes in different levels are sup- posed to be different. The purpose of this study was to preliminarily examine this proposition on Chinese athletes us- ing a qualitative approach. In-depth semi-structured interviews in duration from 60 to 90 minutes per interview were conducted. Thirty-six athletes, 10 coaches and 6 team managers from two training centers were invited to take part in this study. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and the qualitative data were inductively analyzed follow- ing the decision-making heuristic guidelines. Ten types of adversities for the junior-level athletes, 12 types of ad- versities for middle-level athletes; and 4 types of adversities for high-level athletes were identified respectively. It found that Chinese athletes with different levels and experiences would encounter different kinds of typical adversi- ties. They would also perceive adversities from different perspectives and prefer different types of cooin~ strategies.