2Rhemj.Problem-Based Leaming:An Introduction[J].The National Teaching& Learning Forum,1998,8(1):1.
3Saveryd JR,Duffy TM.Problem -based learning:an instructional model and its constructivist frame work.In T.M.Dufyj.Lowyck,etc Eds.Designing environments for constructive learning[M].Springer-Verlag Berlin Herdelberg.1993.
4Dochy,F.etc.Effects of problem-based learning:a meta-analysis[J].Learning and Instruction,2003 (13):533-568.
5Chrstophel AS.,Susan,CP.,Edward J.Problem-based learning and problem-solving skills[J].Biochemical Education,1995,23(3):149-152.