影响金华市乡村聚落空间集聚规律的因素分析

Spatial clustering regularity factor analysis of the rural settlements in Jinhua

以金华市ETM(Enhanced Thematic Mapper)影像及国家1∶25万基础地理数据库为主要信息源,经图像识别与实地验证获得了金华市乡村聚落的空间信息,并运用GIS空间分析方法对金华市乡村聚落的空间聚集特征作了定量化分析.结果表明:水系、道路、地形、人口增长和城市化等因素都对聚落的空间集聚有重要影响.1)研究区绝大多数乡村聚落在局部空间上聚集,水系和道路控制了聚落的分布,聚落多沿水系、道路分布,距之越远,聚落数目越少;2)绝大多数聚落分布在海拔150 m以下地势较为平坦的盆地底部,而在海拔大于150 m的南北两侧的高山丘陵地区,乡村聚落分布相对较少,且绝大多数乡村聚落分布在坡度10°以下,乡村聚落随坡度的增加,聚落的分布逐渐减少;3)人文经济因素对乡村聚落的影响也是不可忽视的.

Taking Jinhua ETM image and the national geographical database of China at the scale of 1 ： 250 000 as the major data sources, by judging from the image and investigation on the spot, it was obtained the spatial information of rural settlements. By means of GIS spatial analysis technique, a quantitative analysis on spatial distribution of the rural settlements in Jinhua was made. The results showed that major rural settlements were centralized in certain space ; most settlements had favorable status of water system and traffic, the number of settlements decreased gradually as the distance away from them became farther; most settlements located in the fiat terrain below 150 m, and most rural settlements had their slopes below 10°. The number of settlements decreased gradually as the slop increased. Finally, the economic factors from the human impact on the rural settlements were discussed concerning the population growth, accelerated urbanization and changes in the industrial structure would be the spatial concentration of rural settlements impact.