中国加入《政府采购协定》国有企业出价策略研究

A Research on the GPA Participation of State-Owned Enterprises in China

中国加入《政府采购协定》(GPA)被誉为中国的第二次"入世",意味着对世界公平贸易、自由贸易和非歧视贸易的进一步推动。本文探讨了政府采购协议的发展趋势及主要成员国的国有企业开放情况,分析各国关于国有企业纳入政府采购协议出价的法律基础定义。通过理论模型并基于"投入-产出"的方法估算中国将部分国有企业纳入政府采购协议后,进口的变化、国内产出冲击、国企成本节约以及上游行业生产者剩余的变化,结果表明中国加入GPA开放部分国有企业可以减少扭曲,提高社会总的福利水平。

This paper discusses a set of issues concerning the inclusion of state-owned enterprises （SOE） in China into the Government Procurement Agreement. We firstly compare how the major GPA member countries include their public enterprises into the GPA offer list. We then analyze the laws and standards on which enterprises should be included. Finally, we evaluate the impact of SOEs＇ inclusion on China＇ s imports, gross output, producer surplus as well as cost savings of SOEs. Both the theoretical models and the empirical investigation using an ＂input-output＂ framework show that partial inclusion of the SOEs can help reduce domestic distortions and increase social welfare.