天然生物质材料吸油性能研究

The study of oil absorption of natural biomass materials

采用小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、锯末、中药渣作为吸油材料,重点研究了吸附材料粒径、吸附时间以及不同油品对这4种天然生物质材料的吸油性能的影响。同时,研究对比了这4种材料的吸水性能和保油能力。在对原油进行吸附实验时,发现锯末和小麦秸秆在0.25～0.83mm粒径范围内具有较好的吸油性能,吸油量分别为5.79和6.02g/g,其次为玉米秸秆,0.15～0.18mm之间的材料吸油量最大能达到5.02g/g,而中药渣在0.18～0.20mm之间的吸油量仅为2.37g/g。比较4种材料对有机物甲苯及植物油的吸附性能发现,其对原油的吸附效果优于植物油和甲苯。材料均有一定的保油能力,而锯末的保油能力最高,其油水比>11。由于天然生物质材料属固体废物,其吸油后可直接作为燃料使用,可达到以废治废的目的,因此在含油污水处理领域具有较好的开发和应用前景。

This research investigates the use of four kinds of natural biomass materials,namely wheat straw,corn stalks,sawdust and the dregs.The influence factors on oil-adsorbing properties were studied,such as particle size,adsorption time and oil types.The paper also studied the water absorption of the four kinds of materials in order to investigate the selectivity of water and oil.In addition,oil retain capacity was evaluated too.On the crude oil adsorption test,sawdust and wheat straw have good oil absorption performance within the size range of 0.25-0.83mm and oil sorption capacities are approximately 5.79 and 6.02g/g m（oil）/m（sorbent）,followed by corn stalks,oil absorption of the absorbing material between 0.15-0.18mm was 5.02g/g,the dregs of oil absorption between 0.18-0.20mm was only 2.37g/g.Comparison of four kinds of materials on the adsorption properties of organic compounds toluene and vegetable oil,the adsorption effect of the crude oil is better than vegetable oil and toluene.The four kinds of materials all have a certain amount of oil retention capacity,the oil retention capacity of sawdust is highest and oil-water ratio is greater than 11.Besides,natural biomass materials are solid wastes,they can be directly used as fuel after oil absorption,to achieve the purpose of waste by waste.The results show that natural biomass materials show a high performance as a low cost and environmental friendly sorbents for the removal oil from water.Natural biomass materials will have better development and application prospects in the area of oily wastewater treatment.