中国不同地区科技示范县大豆单产及产量相关性状的比较

Comparison of Soybean Yield and Yield-related Traits of Agri-technology Demonstration Counties in Different Regions of China

分别于2010和2011年对全国18和20个省(区)的130和141个大豆科技示范县进行抽样调查,收集当地大豆生产田的单产及其相关性状数据。在此基础上,按大豆栽培区划进行分区统计,并采用多元逐步回归方法判断不同地区影响产量的关键因素。结果表明,各地区大豆的播种期因耕作制度不同和气象条件多样而存在很大差异,变化幅度大小依次为南方>西北>东北>黄淮海;东北地区大豆种植密度最高,西北、黄淮海居中,南方最低。平均单产高低依次为西北>东北>黄淮海>南方。在农艺和产量性状中,株高以东北大豆为最高,其后依次为西北、黄淮海和南方;单株荚数与单株粒数2个性状的地域差异趋势一致,2010年均依次为南方>西北>黄淮海>东北,2011年均依次为西北>南方>黄淮海>东北;黄淮海地区大豆的百粒重最高,西北次之,东北及南方则相对偏低。多元逐步回归结果表明,在东北和南方地区,影响大豆产量的首要因素为单株粒数,而在西北及黄淮海地区则为单位面积株数。文中讨论了不同主产区提高大豆单产的主攻方向。

The on-site sample survey of 130 and 141 agri-technology demonstration counties in 18 and 20 provinces（autonomous regions）of China was conducted in 2010 and 2011,respectively.After the survey,the key yield limiting factors in different production regions were determined with stepwise multiple regression analysis.The results showed that soybean sowing dates were consistent with cultivation conditions and farming system in different regions.The order of the sowing date span was South（biggest）,Northwest,Northeast and Huang-Huai-Hai（HHH,smallest）region;The plant density was the highest in Northeast,middle in Northwest and HHH regions,and the lowest in South China.Soybean yield was the highest in Northwest,the second in the Northeast,the third in HHH and the lowest in the South.Among the agronomic and yield-related traits,Northeast,Northwest,HHH and South regions were listed in descending order of plant height;the pod and seed numbers per plant has the same change trend in different production regions,arranging from maximum to minimum was South,Northwest,HHH and Northeast in 2010 and Northwest,South,HHH and Northeast in 2011.The 100-seed weight was highest in HHH,the second in Northwest and lower in the Northeast and South China.According to the stepwise regression coefficients,the key yield limiting factor of soybean was the seed number per plant in the Northeast and South China,and the plant density in Northwest and HHH regions.The measures to improve soybean yield performances in different regions were discussed as well.