运用外部注意焦点提高高水平选手开放式运动技能学习效率的实验研究

Experimental Research of the Enhancement of the Learning Effectiveness of Open Sports Skill of High-level Players by the External Attentional Focus

针对"动作限制假说"是否适用于开放式运动技能、以及该假说的生物力学基础等问题,以14名北京体育大学校队队员为受试者进行实验。结果表明:外部注意焦点指导促进高水平选手开放式运动技能的动作表现,而内部注意指导则阻碍其动作表现。生物力学图像解析的数据也表明,在外部注意焦点指导下,高水平选手不同动作间的髋-膝、踝-膝协调模式一致性更高,说明外部注意焦点指导能够促进高水平选手更加稳定地完成开放式运动技能。

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the ＂constrained action hypothesis＂ be gen- eralized into open sports skills and the biomechanical foundations of this hypothesis. 14 professional soccer players from Beijing Sport University were asked to take part in the present experiment. The results indicated that di- recting the professional soccer players＇ attention to the effect of their movement benefits their kicking accuracy compared to internal focus. The biomechanical data also suggested that under the external attentional focus con- dition, the hip-knee and ankle-knee coordination patterns for several serial kicking motions are more consistent, so external focus facilitates the performers＇ automatic motor system.