海上气枪震源阵列优化组合设计与应用

Design and application of air-gun arrays in marine seismic exploration

笔者基于海上气枪震源子波模拟方法,针对海上多子阵进行了大量的不同气枪阵列组合情形下的震源子波模拟试算,提出了适应深水地震勘探要求的立体多阵列和将气枪阵列的大容量气枪放置在中间位置以及交错排列两种非常规气枪阵列,所模拟的子波具有低频能量强、初泡比大、陷波点处的频谱能量强的特点。同时,把优选的立体四阵列组合和六子阵非常规阵列组合的气枪阵列在不同勘探靶区进行了野外地震采集试验,结果表明,笔者提出的优化阵列组合设计可以明显提高子波性能,所获得的地震剖面品质明显改进,深部地层的反射特征明显,清楚地展示了盆地结构、地层充填特征等,取得了良好的应用效果。

Based on the simulation method of marine air gun seismic source wavelet and through a large number of seismic source wavelet simulation calculations for marine multi-subarray under different air-gun array combinations, three-dimensional multi-sub-ar- rays and two unconventional air-gun arrays （i. e. , put the high-capacity air-gun in the middle position or arrange it in staggered form in air-gun array） that are applicable for deep-water seismic exploration are proposed in this paper. The simulated wavelet is charac- terized by the strong low-frequency energy, large P/B ratio and strong spectrum energy at notch points. Furthermore, we apply the optimized air gun arrays of three dimensional four-array combination and six-subarray unconventional array combination to different exploration targets to conduct field seismic acquisition tests. Test results show that the proposed optimized array combination designs have good application results： they can significantly improve the performance of wavelet, so that the quality of seismic sections ac quired is significantly improved, reflection characteristics of deep stratum are obvious and the basin structure and strata filling char- acteristics are clearly shown.