安徽省铜陵地区重症监护病房多发伤患者的调查分析

Retrospective analyses of cases with multiple injuries in the intensive care unit of Anhui Tongling city

目的 分析严重多发伤患者致伤的相关因素，为提高临床救治水平提供依据.方法 回顾性分析 本院 2011 年 12 月至2012 年 4 月入住重症监护病房（ICU）的50 例严重多发伤患者的一般情况、受伤原因、损 伤严重度评分（ISS）、受伤部位及程度、救治情况等数据资料，分析其相关危险因素. 结果 在纳入的50 例患者 中，男性多于女性，男女比例约为4：1；年龄多在20～60 岁；交通事故（31 例）是受伤的最主要原因，占62.0%；受 伤部位以颅脑损伤最多（41 例），占35.0% ；３个部位损伤者最多（19 例），占38.0% ；ISS 16～25 分者21 例，25 分以上者29 例。患者均采取院前急救—急诊科—院内救治的依托型急救模式，预后大多良好，共死亡３例，病 死率为6％. 结论 铜陵地区的多发伤患者以青中壮年男性为主，交通事故伤占绝大多数，受伤部位以颅脑最 多，针对以上高危因素进行防范和救治，可以降低多发伤患者的病死率及致残率.

Objective To analyze the factors related to severe traumatic multiple injuries in order to provide the bases to elevate the therapeutic level. Methods Retrospective analyses of 50 cases in the intensive care unit （ICU） of People＇s Hospital of Tongling City from December 2011 to April 2012 were carried out, and we mainly assessed the general state of health, causes of injury, injury severity score （ISS）, the location of traumatic lesion and severity, the treatment and cure situation. Then, the risk factors were analyzed. Results Among 50 patients, the male ones were much more than the female, the ratio being about 4 to 1 ; they were between 20 to 60 years old ; traffic accident （31 cases） was the principle factor, accounting for 62.0% ; traumatic craniocerebral injuries （41 cases ） occupied 35.0%, moreover, the injurious locations being three in number （ 19 cases） reached 38.0% ; 21 cases had the ISS between 16 and 25, and 29 cases, above 25. The prognosis of most patients was fine by pre-hospital emergency treatment, emergency treatment in ICU and inside hospital treatment, 3 cases died and the fatality rate was about 6%. Conclusion Most patients with traumatic multiple injuries in Tongling city are mainly young male adults, traffic accidents occupying the overwhelming majority, and the location is primarily at the head, resulting in craniocerebral injury, if proper preventive and emergency treatments are carried out to direct to the above high risk factors, the disability rate and mortality of the patients with multiple injuries can be reduced.