铅电池企业工人职业健康教育干预效果评价

Effect evaluation of occupational health education on lead battery workers

目的探讨职业健康教育干预对电池企业工人职业病危害的预防效果。方法以某电池企业146名铅作业工人为调查对象,通过制定和实施健康教育干预措施,分析干预前后工人对职业卫生法律知识和专业知识的知晓率、个人卫生行为改变情况及生物监测指标的变化,以评价干预措施效果。结果干预措施实施后,工人的职业卫生法律知识及铅危害专业知识知晓率从62.3%和58.3%分别上升到的98.6%和97.2%;工人个人防护用品使用率及正确使用率从71.2%和72.6%分别上升到100.0%和98.6%;干预后血中铅浓度较干预前平均降低20.2%;上述5个指标干预前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在电池企业劳务工中开展职业健康教育干预,可有效提高工人职业卫生知识水平,改善工人卫生行为习惯,对预防和降低职业性铅中毒发生有着重要的意义。

[Objective]To research the preventive effect of occupational health education intervention on lead battery workers.[Methods]Totally 146 lead exposed workers in a battery factory were chosen as study subjects.Through the development and implementation of health education interventions,rate of cognition on occupational health knowledge,personal health behavior change and biological indicators changes were examined before and after intervened measures.[Results] After intervention,the cognition rate of knowledge of occupational health law and lead hazards of workers increased from 62.3% and 58.3%to 98.6% and 97.2% respectively.Workers’ personal protective equipment use rate and proper utilization rate increased from 71.2% and 72.6% to 100% and 98.6% respectively.Lead concentration in blood decreased by 20.2%.Differences between before and after the intervention of the above 5 indicators were statistically significant（P〈0.001）.[Conclusion]The occupational health education and behavioral intervention can improve lead protection consciousness and health behavior of workers in battery factory,and plays important role in preventing and reducing occupational lead poisoning.