中国四城市初中生受欺负者自杀风险影响因素调查

Investigation on risk factors of suicide among bullied middle school students in four cities of China

目的探讨初中生受欺负者的特征及自杀风险影响因素,为其自杀干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法在4个城市各随机抽取25所初中,对抽中班级的所有学生采用《全球学校学生健康调查问卷》进行调查。结果受欺负者的自杀意念和自杀计划年发生率分别为25.1%和13.0%,高于未受欺负者(P<0.05)。因身体、长相等因素而受欺负产生自杀意念的风险是其他受欺负类型的1.29倍。高频度(10～30d/月)受欺负、焦虑和抑郁均是自杀意念和自杀计划的危险因素,而家庭关怀则是其保护因素。社会交往对自杀计划的发生与否有保护作用。结论对受欺负者的自杀干预应根据其受欺负类型、强度同时综合考虑其他危险和保护因素予以有针对性的干预。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of suicide among middle school students who were the victims of bullying in order to provide proper intervention to prevent those tragedies from happening.Methods A total of 9 015 students from 100 junior high schools in 4 cities of China were randomly selected using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.All students were required to finish the Global School Health Survey Questionnaire（Chinese version）.Results The annual incidence rates of suicidal thoughts and attempts among bullied students were 25.1% and 13.0% which were both higher than those of unbullied counterparts.Students who were bullied due to their bad body shapes or looks were more likely to have suicidal thought which was 1.29 times higher compared to victims bullied for other reasons.The survey also revealved that repeated bullying,anxiety and depression were the risk factors of suicidal tendency and attempt,while family care and social communication could prevent them from committing suicide.Conclusions Because of the higher incidence rates of suicidal thought and attempt among bullied middle school students,coupled with variety bullying types,it is critical to offer early and individualized suicidal interventions for bullied victims.