耕地磷盈余研究进展

Reviews on Phosphorus Surplus of Cultivated Land

磷作为影响水体富营养化的关键因素之一,已受到人们的普遍关注。磷盈余的耕地是水体磷的重要来源。本文从国内外耕地磷盈余量、耕地磷盈余的环境风险及其防治三个方面对目前耕地磷盈余的研究进行了综述。研究表明,随着农业的发展,化肥投入的增加,磷盈余问题普遍存在于世界各地,我国耕地磷盈余正处于上升通道,大多数发达国家则处于控制下降通道;耕地磷盈余的环境风险主要表现为耕地磷流失能力以及区域非点源磷污染的可能性;通过改良施肥方式、优化作物类型、加强田间管理模式及改进农业类型能够有效减少磷盈余带来的危害。

Phosphorus has caused universal concern as a key factor of eutrophication. Cultivated lands with phosphorus surplus are important source of nonpoint source pollution. Phosphorus surplus has been reviewed in three ways in this paper：the amount of phosphorus surplus all around the world, the risk assessment of phophorus surplus and the mitigation of phosphorus surplus. The study shows that phosphorus surplus in cultivated land has become a serious issue all around the world. The amount of phosphorus surplus is increasing in China,while in many developed countries it is decreasing. The risk of phosphorus surplus mainly lays in the loss of phosphorus from land to water. Optimized fertili- zation, crop type, farm land management and type of agriculture could be effective mitigation of phosphourus surplus.