中国基层治理创新:宏观框架的考察与比较

Innovation of Grassroots Governance in China:Investigation and Comparison in Macro Framework

随着"社会管理创新"主题的提出,中国社会管理的思路经历了新的发展与定型,原有的行政主导体制与"大维稳体制"面临困境,而强调社会力量、社会组织和社会公众参与的导向逐步占据了突出的地位。在上世纪90年代民政部主推沈阳、江汉、上海、盐田四大基层治理模式之后,2011年出现了两种基层治理创新模式,即上级政府有意扶持与地方自我摸索的创新。在"社会管理创新"的新主题下,中国县市一级的地方政府有了更大的自由裁量权和更多的创新空间,运用社会力量特别是社会组织的基层治理模式正在成为一种新的尝试,甚而有成为创新主流之势。

With the proposal of the theme of ＂innovation in social administration＂, China＇s concepts concerning social administration has undergone new development and orientation, and the previous administrative-led system and ＂overall stability maintenance system＂ are confronted with difficulties. On the other hand, a new trend that emphasizes social forces, social organizations and public participation gradually took a prominent position. During the 1990s, the Ministry of Civil Affairs implemented grassroots governance in four major cities： Shenyang, Jianghan, Shanghai, Yantian. In 2011, two innovation modes in grassroots governance emerged as the result of government support or spontaneous experiments at local levels. With the new theme of ＂innovation in social administration＂, local governments at city and county levels are given greater discretion and more room for innovation, so they can use social forces, especially the social organizations, as a new attempt in reforming grassroots governance modes. These attempts are likely to become the mainstream among innovation endeavors.