贺兰山林区马麝隔离种群的生存现状及保护

The current status and conservation of the isolated population of alpine musk deer(Moschus chrysogaster)at Helan Mountain

贺兰山林区是一个孤立的“林岛”,区内马麝总数量估计为 1 83～ 2 2 7头 ,主要零星地分布于陡坡林中 ,已处于濒危状态。1 980年以前马麝种群衰退的主要原因是灌木林的急剧减少 ,1 980年以后种群衰退的主要原因则是钢丝套偷猎。建立严励的“奖惩制度”。

The forest at Helan Mountain was isolated about 1 500 years ago.The estimated population size of alpine musk deer( Moschus chrysogaster) in the forest were 227 and 183 individuals in the autumn of 1995 and spring of 1996, respectively.The musk deer distributed scatterly in the trees of the steep slopes,and the population densities were very low.We suggested that the population were on the verge of extinction.The population has being disturbed and threatened by lots of environmental factors since 1950s,and the current status was their comprehensive result.The major cause of population decline was the lowering of suitable habitat(shrub)before 1980.And the reason of population crash was the poaching with gangsitao(a kind of very simple circular poaching tools only made of iron or steel wires)after 1980.We suggested that Helan Mountain has been drawing into the vicious vortex of both drought and livestock overgrazing.The conservation strategies were discussed.