四种鲷科鱼类的精子激活条件与其生态习性的关系

Relationships between conditions for activating spermatozoa of four sparidae fishes and the fishes'ecological habits

研究了盐度、p H和温度对黄鳍鲷 Sparuslatus( Houttuyn)、平鲷 Rhabdosargussarba( Forskal)、黑鲷 Sparus macro-cephalus( Basilewsky)和真鲷 pagrosomusmajor( Temminck et Schlegel) 4种鲷科鱼类精子活力的影响 ,比较了南海区 4种鲷科鱼类精子对盐度、p H和温度的适应性 ,探讨了 4种鲷科鱼类的精子激活条件与其生态习性的关系。黄鳍鲷、平鲷、黑鲷和真鲷精子激活所需的最低盐度分别为 8、1 0、>8、>1 0 ;激活的最适盐度则分别为 2 1、2 2、2 5、2 5;在高盐条件 (盐度4 0左右 )下 ,黄鳍鲷精子的适应性最强 ,精子活力最好 ,其次是黑鲷和真鲷的精子 ,平鲷精子对高盐条件的适应性最差。对黄鳍鲷、平鲷、黑鲷和真鲷精子在不同 p H值的海水中的活力观测结果表明 ,上述 4种鲷科鱼类的精子对 p H的适应范围较广 ,其精子激活所需的最适 p H值依次为 7.8、8.0、8.0、>8.0。平鲷、黑鲷、真鲷精子激活的适宜温度分别为 2 0 .2℃、2 0 .6℃、1 8.8℃。上述 4种鲷科鱼类的精子激活所需的盐度、p H和温度条件与其生态习性密切相关。

The effect of salinity on motility of spermatozoa of four Sparidae fishes,yellowfin bream Sparus latus (Houttuyn),silver bream Rhabdosargus sarba (Forskal),black porgy Sparus macrocephalus (Basilewsky) and red seabream Pagrosomus major (Temminck et Schlegel),from South China Sea was studied in recent years.The comparison on the adaptive salinity ranges for activating spermatozoa of these species was made.And it was found that the lowest activating salinity of each of spermatozoa of yellowfin bream,silver bream,black porgy and red seabream should be 8,10,>8,>10 at least, respectively.The optimum activating salinity of each of them was 21,22,25,25,successively.When the activating salinity was about 40,the adaptability of spermatozoa of yellowfin bream was the best among these four species,and the silver bream's was the worst.These results indicated that the salinity which the spermatozoa required for activating were line with the salinity that their populations lived in natural conditions.\;The effect of pH on motility of spermatozoa of these fishes was also studied.The spermatozoa of thefishes could adapt to pH in a wide range,and the optimum pH values for activating spermatozoa of yellowfin bream,silver bream,black porgy and red seabream should be 7 8,8 0,8 0,>8 respectively.This adaptation was also line with their ecological habits of each population.\;The preliminary study on temperature for activating spermatozoa of the fishes was carried out.The optimum temperatures for activating spermatozoa of silver bream,black porgy and red seabream should be 20 2℃,20.6℃,18.8℃,respectively,which were close to the temperatures at which the fishes spawn in their natural conditions.\;All of the results represented that there were very close relationships between conditions for activating these spermatozoa and their ecological habits of the four Sparidae fishes.