隼形目鹰科 11种鸟类线粒体DNA分子进化的研究

STUDIES ON THE EVOLUTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN 11 SPECIES OF ACCIPITRIDAE

采用ApaⅠ ,BamHⅠ ,BglⅡ ,EcoRⅠ ,EcoRⅤ ,HindⅢ ,HpaⅠ ,KpnⅠ ,PstⅠ ,PvuⅡ ,SalⅠ ,ScaⅠ ,XbaⅠ和XhoⅠ等 1 4种限制性内切酶 ,对隼形目鹰科 1 1种鸟类 (金、乌、草原、普通狂鸟 、大狂鸟 、鹊鹞、白尾鹞、乌灰鹞、黑翅鸢、高山兀鹫和兀鹫 )线粒体DNA限制性片段长度多态分析。结果表明 :种间遗传距离最小的是金和草原 (P =0 960 ) ,最大的是金和兀鹫 (P =1 9 1 5) ,种间平均遗传距离 (P =1 3 2 5)表现出丰富的种间遗传多态性。文中构建了 1 1种鸟类的分子系统树 。

restriction endonucleases, Apa Ⅰ, BamH Ⅰ, BgI Ⅱ, EcoR Ⅰ, EcoR Ⅴ, Hind Ⅲ, Hpa Ⅰ, Kpn Ⅰ, Pst Ⅰ, Pvu Ⅱ, Sal Ⅰ, Sca Ⅰ, Xba Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ were used to analyse the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) of mtDNAs in 11 species of Accipitridae ( Aquila chrysaetos, A.clanga, A.rapax, Buteo buteo, B.hemilasius, Circus melanoleucos, C.cyaneus, C.pygargus, Elanus caeruleus, Gyps himalayensis, Aegypius monachus ). The results showed that the genetic distance between Aquila chrysaetos and Aquila rapax was the smallest ( P =0 960); and the largest genetic distance was discovered between Aqulia chrysaetos and Aegypius monachus ( P =19 15). The average genetic distance between species was 13 25. The study also revealed that there were abundant genetic mutation among species. According to previous reports, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Accipitridae evolved at a rate of 2 0%～2 3% per million years, the fossil records implied that the divergence age among species was as long as 25～30 million years ago. Fortunately, the calculating results of both methods seemed basically identical. Through this experiment, we also established molecular systematic tree of 11 species of birds, and made a preliminary studies on the origination and evolution of these species.