中国人姓氏群体遗传──Ⅰ.姓氏频率分布与人群遗传分化

Population Genetics of Chinese Surnames──Ⅰ.Surname Frequency Distribution and Genetic Diversity in Chinese

分析了明朝中国人姓氏分布特征和1000年中影响姓氏分布的因数。通过对1000年来3个不同历史时期的α和ν值的分析，较为清楚地看到了中国人姓氏分布的规律，中国普遍存在同姓人群，尤其在中原地区相对隔离的同源Y染色体的群体（同姓人群）种类不同于其他地区，特别是比南方地区相对要多，姓氏种类也多。假设每一种同姓人群携带某一种特定类型的Y-DNA单倍型，那么，姓氏分布的特征可能提示在中国姓氏起源的中心—中原地区的省份中应存在着较为丰富的Y-染色体单倍型类型。利用首次获得的预测中国人姓氏种类的公式，估计当今正在使用的汉族姓氏为3100余种。

This paper deals with the distributional charateristics of Chinese surnamesand the factors affechng their distribution. Analysis of α and ν values for threeperiods in the last 1000 years clearly reveals the distributional pattern of Chinesesumames. In China communities with the same surname are widespread, especially inthe central areas where there are more relatively isolated Y chromosome of the samesource (communities with the same surname) and more surnames than in other areas(especially the South China). If each surname has a certain kind of mono-typeY-DNA, then, according to the distribution of surnames, there exist the mostmono-type of Y-DNA in the central provinces where are the originating center ofChinese surnames. For the first time, an equation is constructed predicting the kind ofChinese surnames. It has been estimated that there are about 3100 surnames presentin use for the Han nationality.