问题类型和情绪状态对贝叶斯推理的影响

The Influence of Different Task Context and Emotion States on Bayesian Reasoning

本研究以240名大学生为被试,探讨了问题类型和情绪状态对贝叶斯推理的影响。结果表明:(1)问题类型对贝叶斯推理有影响;(2)情绪状态对贝叶斯推理有影响;(3)问题类型与情绪状态对贝叶斯推理的影响存在交互作用。具体地,在经典乳癌问题中,被试在消极情绪状态下比在积极情绪状态下做出更高的概率估计,而在中彩问题中,被试在积极情绪状态下比在消极情绪状态下概率估计更高。

Bayesian reasoning can be used for solving meny problems in one＇ s life in various ways.In recent years,researchers paid attention to the topics that are related to how emotion impacts on people＇ s judgment,especially about the relationship between emotion and decision - making.The emotion states have exerted a far-reaching influence on people＇ s judgment behaviors and the results of the problems they solve.According to this discovery,researchers have conducted a number of studies,and are continuing their investigations. However,the research on the effect of negative emotion and positive emotion on the Bayesian reasoning is not sufficient.Therefore, further research is necessary to help us understand more about this. Compared to the previous studies,this study mainly focused on the effect of emotion on decision -partiality.By using the experimental method,based on the previous research,we recruited 240 undergraduate students to investigate the issues related to emotion. Participants＇ reasoning in different emotions were explored,we predict that people,who make a possibility assessment on events,will be affected by induced emotion types.This suggests that when people are under the positive emotion state,they will make an optimistic judgment and choice on events.On the other hand,people who are under the negative emotion state will make a pessimism judgment and choice on events.Furthermore,we predicts that people who are under the positive emotion state will do better than under the negative emotion state. In order to test this hypothesis,a 2×2 between subjects experiment was designed.The independents variables were the emotion types（negative emotion and positive emotion） and the issue types（＂classics developing breast cancer＂ and ＂ winning the lottery ＂）. The dependent variables were the induced emotion types,the distance between predicted value,and the possibility reasoning standard value.The material of the induced emotion types was a piece of a film,which includes negative emotion and positive emotions.The materials of Bayesian reasoning types were the ＂ classics developing breast cancer＂ and ＂ winning the lottery ＂.The experiment followed a series of procedures.First of all,four classes were sedected randomly.After that,two of them were asked to watch a video to induce their positive emotions.The other two watched another video to induce their negative emotions.Finally,participants completed an assessment, which included an emotion self - reported scale and a Bayesian reasoning task.Two types were included,and they were handed out with a ratio of 1;1.Each participant only complete one of them. The results of this experiment showed that：（1） the Bayesian reasoning was affected by the issue types;（2） the Bayesian reasoning was affected by the induced emotion types;（3） the Bayesian reasoning was affected by the relationship between the issue types and the induced emotion types.Specifically,participants tended to make high judgments on negative issues（classics developing breast cancer） in the negative emotion rather than in the positive emotion.However,they tended to make high evaluation on the positive issues （winning the lottery） in positive emotion than in the negative emotion.The results were almost consistent with the hypotheses of this study.