中国石蕊属地衣的地理学分析

ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHY OF THE LICHEN GENUS CLADONIA FROM CHINA

将中国92种石蕊属地衣划分为8个地理成分：广布成分19种，占总种数的21％，环北极成分32种（35％），泛热带成分8种（9％），欧亚成分5种（5％），东亚-北美成分7种（8％），东亚成分13种（14％），中国喜马拉雅成分1种（1％），中国特有成分7种（7％）。对中国石蕊属地衣所属的主要地理成分的形成进行了初步讨论，提出东亚特有种云南石蕊（Cladoniayunnana）和北美特有种拟胀石蕊（C.transcendens）为一对地理替代种；比蒙氏石蕊（C．beaumontii），圆筒石蕊（C.cylindrica），丛杯石蕊（C.mateocyatha）和大翅石蕊（C.macroptera）等4种为东亚-北美间断分布种。指出中国喜马拉雅成分戴氏石蕊（C.delavayi）及欧亚成分中的细枝石蕊（C.corymbescens）在中国分布的北界是秦岭山脉。

Identification of more than 4,000 specimens collected from China yielded 92 species of the lichen genus Cladonia.The author divided these species into 8 geographical elements,i.e.Cosmopolitan element (19species, 21%), Circumpolar element (32,35%), Pantropical element (8,9%), Eurasian element (5,5%), East Asian-North American element (7,8%), East Asian element (13,14%), Sino-Himalayan element (1,1%), and Species Endemic to China (7, 7%).Discussions on the formation of the main geographical elements except cosmopolitan one of Cladonia spp.from China are given in this paper.The species Cladonia yunnana, endemic to East Asia,and C.transcendens,endemic to North America,as a pair of vicarious species are proposed. The four species (C.beaumontii, C. cylmdrica,C. mateocyatha and C.macroptera) as East Asian-North American disjunctions are suggested,and the Qinling Mountains as the northern distribution limit of the Sino-Himalayan species C.delavayi and the Eurasian species C.corymbescens is indicated as well.