氮、磷、钾肥在河南省小麦上的应用效果及推荐用量研究

Application Effect and Suitable Rate of NPK Fertilizer on Winter Wheat in Henan Province

为了更好地了解化肥在小麦上的应用效果,依托国家测土配方施肥项目,于2005-2009年在河南省71个县(市)安排了924个试点进行小麦三因素四水平田间肥效试验。结果表明,全省小麦无肥(N0P0K0)、无氮(N0P2K2)、无磷(N2P0K2)、无钾区(N2P2K0)、全肥区(N2P2K2)产量平均分别为4 499、5 186、5 915、6 197、6 797kg/hm2,在优化施肥条件下,N、P、K、NPK增产率平均分别为38.17%、19.46%、12.92%、62.55%;N、P、K、NPK贡献率平均分别为24.57%、14.40%、9.94%、34.35%;N、P、K农学效率平均分别为10.36、11.68、8.22kg/kg;N、P、K偏生产力平均分别为39.78、76.53、77.78kg/kg。通过一元二次函数拟合表明,全省小麦最高产量施氮量和经济最佳施氮量平均分别为212.0、177kg/hm2,最高产量施磷量和经济最佳施磷量平均分别为106.8、96kg/hm2,最高产量施钾量和经济最佳施钾量平均分别为92、78kg/hm2。

Experiments on application effect and suitable rate of NPK fertilizer on winter wheat were conducted in the 924 sites in 71 counties of Henan province with ＂3414＂experiments from 2005 to 2009.The results showed that the average yields of the treatments N0P0K0,N0P2K2,N2P0K2,N2P2K0 and N2P2K2 were 4 499,5 186,5 915,6 197,6 797 kg/ha,respectively.Under the optimized fertilization,average increasing effects of N,P,K and NPK fertilizer were 38.17%,19.46%,12.92% and 62.55%,respectively;average contribution rates of N,P,K and NPK fertilizer were 24.57%,14.40%,9.94% and 34.35%,respectively;average agronomic effects of N,P,K fertilizer were 10.36,11.68,8.22 kg/kg,respectively;average partial factor productivity from N,P,K applied were 39.78,76.53,77.78 kg/kg,respectively.Simulated with quadratic function,average nitrogen rates of max yield and max economy were 212.0 kg/ha and 177 kg/ha,average phosphorous rates of max yield and max economy were 106.8 kg/ha and 96 kg/ha,average potassium rates of max yield and max economy were 92 kg/ha and 78 kg/ha.