采收期对不同品种双孢蘑菇品质的影响

Influence of Different Harvest Time on the Quality of Agaricus bisporus

为了探明采收期对不同主栽双孢蘑菇品种采收品质的影响,以4个双孢蘑菇品种为供试材料,研究了4个采收期的双孢蘑菇子实体中维生素C(Vc)、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总酚等内在品质指标及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化。结果表明,以上5种指标在同一采收期的不同品种间均存在一定的差异。尤其是在采收期Ⅰ(菌盖直径2～3cm)时这种差异表现得较为明显。在采收期Ⅰ时,不同品种间Vc含量的变幅最大,即13.2～105.5μg/g,最大值是最小值的8倍;可溶性蛋白含量为15.9～21.4mg/g,还原糖为1.51%～2.14%,总酚含量为333～680μg/g,PPO活性为34.25～88.25U/(g.min)。从整体趋势分析,随着采收期的延迟,不同双孢蘑菇品种中除PPO活性呈持续增加趋势外,其Vc、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总酚含量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,并在采收期Ⅱ(菌盖直径3～4cm)或Ⅲ(菌盖直径4～5cm)达到最高。从营养学、生物学产量和贮藏特性考虑,综合分析以上5种试验指标,应选取未开伞且直径在4cm左右的双孢蘑菇进行采收。

In order to explore quality change of different Agaricus bisporus in different harvest time,several quality indices（including Vc,soluble protein,reducing sugar,phenol as well as PPO activity） in different harvest time of four kinds of Agaricus bisporus were determined.The results showed that the nutrient accumulation among four kinds of Agaricus bisporus was significantly different in different growing periods.Especially in first harvest date,with pileus diameter of 2-3 cm,the maximum Vc content was about 8 times the minimum one,the content of reducing sugar changed between 1.51% and 2.14% and the content of total phenols was 333-680 μg/g,respectively.Overall,Vc,soluble protein,reducing sugar and phenol increased and reached the maximum at the Ⅱ（3-4 cm） or Ⅲ（4-5 cm） harvest time in all the Agaricus bisporus cultivars.PPO activity of different kinds of Agaricus bisporus showed a continuous increasing trend during the harvest time.Therefore,considering nutrition,biology production and storage characteristic,people should choose Agaricus bisporus which did not open an umbrella and was at 4 cm in diameter to store through analysis of five indices.