肝硬化患者注射维生素K1后不良反应10例分析

Study on adverse drug reactions associated with vitamin K1 injection in cirrhotic patients

目的总结肝硬化患者因使用维生素K1而导致的不良反应,为临床安全用药提出建议。方法分析2011年北京友谊医院肝病中心肝硬化患者发生因注射维生素K1导致的不良反应情况。结果共有10例肝硬化患者注射维生素K1后发生不良反应。其中,接受静脉注射的患者3例,1例发生全身性损害,2例发生低血压;接受肌肉注射的患者7例,均为皮疹。发生全身性损害的患者出现过敏性休克及短暂性室速,经补液、利多卡因等治疗后,抢救成功。发生低血压的患者经补液后血压恢复正常。发生皮疹的患者在停药后皮疹逐渐消褪。结论严格掌握肝硬化患者应用维生素K1的适应证及用法、用量、给药途径和速度,有助于减少不良反应的发生。

Objective To provide some recommendations for safe application of vitamin K1 injection. Methods Data of adverse drug reactions associated with vitamin K1 injection in cirrhotic patients in this hospital in 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 10 cirrhotic cases of untoward reactions after vitamin K1 injection. Among 3 patients with intravenous administration, one with systemic damage manifested as anaphylactic shock and paroxysmal ventricular arrhythmia ; the other two manifested as hypotension, and localized morphea - form eruptions were occurred in 7 cases after intramuscular injection. The patient with systemic damage was rescued by application of adrenaline, lidocaine and fluid infusion ; two hypotensive patients were cured by fluid infusion ; and eruptions were faded after withdrawal of drug. Conclusion Administration of vitamin K1 injection in cirrhotic patients should be very strict in mastering indications, usage, dosage, administration route and speed for administration, so as to decrease the occurrence of serious adverse drug reactions.