汽车共享对城市温室气体排放的影响

Urban Greenhouse Gas Emission of Car Sharing

近年来我国居民出行的机动化需求越来越高,而严峻的能源环境挑战使得我们不能按照发达国家的千人小汽车拥有水平来发展机动化。汽车共享是一种新兴的绿色机动化服务模式,既可满足成员的机动化出行需求又可降低私人小汽车保有量和出行量,并会因此减少车辆使用产生的温室气体排放。在上海浦东联洋社区、虹口山阴路社区和天山虹桥社区进行居民问卷调查,统计分析结果表明:拥有车辆数多的家庭加入汽车共享的意愿略低于无车家庭,在被调查者中仅有10%左右的人愿意因为汽车共享放弃现有车辆。当通勤距离超过8 000 m时,被调查者对汽车共享的需求下降,而达到14 000 m以后,对汽车共享的需求会再次上升。当汽车共享的出行费用分别为20元/h,25元/h和30元/h时,日常采购出行加入汽车共享的意愿分别为75.28%,60.89%和36.54%;机场出行加入汽车共享的意愿分别为79.34%,67.16%和46.86%;休闲出行加入汽车共享的意愿分别为85.24%,65.69%和44.28%。计算271份样本的汽车共享效应,得到汽车行驶里程年折减量为228 520 km,费用折减每年1 465 185元,CO2排放年折减61 035 kg。因此,在我国城市中积极引入汽车共享这种环境友好的用车服务,可以解决一部分居民的机动化需求,由此产生的潜在效应对减少城市温室气体排放有显著意义。

In recent years, the motorized travel demand increased greatly in China, but the severe energy and environment situation limited that we cannot take the level of vehicle ownership per thousand people in developed country as our goal of motorization development. Car sharing is an emerging green mode of motorized travel service, which can meet the motorized travel needs of its members as well as reduce the private car ownership and motorized trips, thus reduce the Green House Gas emission generated by vehicle using. The statistical result of community survey in Shanghai, which includes Lianyang Community in Pudong, Shanyin Road Community in Hongkou and Hongqiao Community in Tianshan, shows that the household with more vehicles has a slightly lower will to join the car sharing service than the no-vehicle household; only 10% of respondents would get rid of their existing vehicles if they join the car sharing service. The will of joining car sharing is getting lower when respondents＇ commute distance is further than 8 000 m, but will get higher when the commute distance is further than 14 000 m. When the travel cost of car sharing is RMB 20/h, RMB 25/h and RMB 30/h, the corresponding car sharing joining will is 75.28%, 60.89% and 36.54% for grocery shopping travel, 79.34%, 67. 16% and 46.86% for airport travel, 85.24% , 65.69% and 44.28% for vocational travel. The 271 respondents＇ car sharing effect are 228 520 km reduction in vehicle travel distance per year, RMB 1 465 185 /year reduction in travel cost and 61 035 kg/year reduction in CO2 emission. Therefore, introducing the environment friendly car sharing service can resolve a part of citizens＇ motorized trip demand and these potential effects are significantly important to the reduction of urban Green House Gas emission.