征地补偿中的几个理论问题

Some Theoretical Issues of Land Expropriation Compensation

研究目的:现行征地制度的最大弊端是土地补偿标准过低,如何合理确定土地补偿标准仍是征地制度改革中需要解决的核心问题。本文旨在厘清地价形成和分配的理论基础。研究方法:逻辑推理法。研究结果:基于马克思地租理论和物权法的法理,对三种主要的地价形成和分配理论进行了讨论:(1)土地增值是由于土地用途的转换;(2)土地的外力增值不应归土地所有者,应归之于社会;(3)土地开发权属于国家或全民,开发收益应收归国家,由国家分配。研究结论:应当以当时当地土地正常的市场价格作为土地补偿标准。

Improper compensation is a key malpractice in the current land expropriation system. How to define proper compensation criterion is still an unsolved problem. The purpose of this paper is to rectify the divergent theories of the form and allocation of land prices. Methodology of logical ratiocination is employed. Based on the land rent theory of K. Max and the jurisprudence of the Property Law, the author discusses three major theories of land compensation. They are 1 ） the increment in land value is due to land use shifting; so for agricultural land, paying only the current use value is reasonable; 2） owing to social justice, the unearned increment of land value should restore to society; 3） the land development rights are belonged to state, so the development gains also belong to state. It comes to the conclusion that land compensation should be paid according to the normal market value.