贵州黔南州森林空气负离子分布特征及质量评价

Study on Aeroanion Distribution Characteristics and Air Quality Evaluation of Forest in Qiannan Prefecture

为了探明贵州黔南州森林空气负离子浓度的空间分布特征,利用日本产ITC-201A型空气负离子测定仪,配合ITC801电脑软件,于2010年4月下旬—5月中旬对黔南州不同植被类型及空地上的空气负离子浓度进行测定,并利用单极系数(q)和安培空气离子评价指数(CI)对其空气质量进行评价。结果表明:1)黔南州森林环境中的负离子浓度较高,平均为2 520个/cm3,空地和石漠化山地的负离子浓度较低,分别为740个/cm3和360个/cm3。2)不同林分类型的空气负离子分布特征表现为阔叶林>针阔混交林>竹林>针叶林,除石漠化山地(360个/cm3)和空地(740个/cm3)外,其余林地的空气负离子含量均在2 000个/cm3以上。3)空气负离子浓度与海拔高度存在负相关,即随着海拔高度的升高,空气负离子浓度下降。4)在不同植被类型中,阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林和竹林的CI值均在2以上,空气质量为A级。结论:黔南州的森林空气质量整体水平处于优良状态,适宜发展以森林为主的旅游业。

To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of aeroanion in forest in Qiannan Prefecture,with ITC-201A air anion detector made in Japan equipped with ITC801 software,the concentration of aeroanion in different vegetation types and non-forest land was detected from late April to mid-May in 2010 in Qiannan Prefecture.The air quality was evaluated by using ion polarity ration（q） and air ion assessment index（CI）.The results showed that： 1） The aeroanion concentration in the forest in Qiannan Prefecture was high,2 520 aeroanions per cubic centimeter in mean,while low in non-forest land and stony desertification land,740 and 360 aeroanions per cubic centimeter respectively.2） The distribution characteristics of aeroanion in various vegetation types were broad-leaved foresttheropencedrymionbamboo forestconiferous forest.The aeroanion contents were all higher than 2 000 aeroanions per cubic centimeter except stony desertification land and non-forest land.3） The aeroanion concentration was negatively correlated with altitude,and decreased with the altitude increase.4） The CI value was over two and the air quality was of A grade in broad-leaved forest,theropencedrymion,coniferous forest and bamboo forest.So it could be concluded that the air quality of forest in Qiannan Prefecture was of excellent status in general and was suitable for the development of forest-based tourist industry.