三峡水库动态汛限调度对气体过饱和减缓效果研究

Study of mitigation effects on gas supersaturation by dynamic operation scheduling of Three Gorges reservoir

由于三峡大坝泄洪而导致的下游河道溶解气体过饱和,对长江中游的水生态特别是鱼类将造成不利影响。为了减缓这种影响,采取一定措施减缓下游河道的气体过饱和现象十分必要。通过水库调度,尽量减少水库出库流量从而减少弃水是一种最为有效和可行的方案。本文设计了4种不同汛限水位的动态汛限调度方案,根据水库调洪计算方法,在丰、平、枯三种典型水文年型下汛期对下游气体过饱和的减缓效果进行比较,结果表明采用动态汛限调度方式可有效缓解坝下溶解气体过饱和现象。本文还对三峡动态汛限调度的可行性进行了简要分析。

Supersaturation of dissolved gas in water caused by flood releasing from the Three Gorges spillway produces adverse affects on ecology, particularly on the fishes. To mitigate this effect, certain measures for reducing gas supersaturation is necessary. One of the most effective and viable options is reduction of the released discharge and total volume through reservoir operation. This paper studies four different schemes of dynamic operation for flood control limited level and compares their effects in the rich, average and dry hydrologic years. Results show that these dynamic operation schemes are effective in reducing gas supersaturation. A brief analysis on the feasibility of dynamic operation scheduling of the Three Gorges reservoir is also presented.