基于改进调度图的西大洋水库综合调度研究

Study on comprehensive operation of Xidayang reservoir based on improved operation chart

水库的建设为人类带来了巨大的社会经济效益,但同时由于传统的水库在建设和运行时对河流生态系统安全以及库区的环境保护考虑不足,也引发了一系列的生态环境问题。实施兼顾社会经济需求和河流生态健康的综合调度是减轻水库对于生态系统负面影响的主要方法之一。本文提出一种基于改进调度图的综合调度方法,将生态需水作为水库兴利调度的一个用水部门加入水库调度计算,对水库原有调度图和调度规则进行调整。和基于优化模型的多目标调度方法相比,该方法具有简便、直观、可以在缺乏径流预测的情况下使用的特点。本文进一步将该方法应用于大清河流域的西大洋水库,根据下游白洋淀湿地的生态需水要求,绘制了西大洋水库的改进调度图,制定了相应的综合调度规则。根据改进调度图的指导,西大洋水库在协调社会经济用水的同时可以保证白洋淀在平水年、枯水年和丰水年的平均水位分别达到6.78m、6.5m和8.42m,基本能够满足白洋淀的生态需水要求。

Reservoirs have notable negative effects on aquatic ecosystem, although they produce tremendous social and economic benefits. In order to minimize the eco-environmental problems caused by them, improving reservoir operation is one of the effective measures. This paper proposes a comprehensive operation method using improved operation chart. This method regards ecological water demand as a demand by a water use department, considers this demand in operation calculation and adjusts the traditional operation chart and operation regulation accordingly. In comparison with the method of multi-objective optimization model, it is straightforward and useful even in the case of no forecast data of long-term inflow. It was applied to the Xidayang reservoir in the Daqinghe basin. Considering the ecological water demand by Baiyangdian lake situated downstream of this reservoir, we recalculated the reservoir operating curves and established an improved operation chart and rules. Results show that in the comprehensive operation schemes the average annual water level of this lake can be maintained at 6.78m, 6.5m and 8.42m in normal, wet and dry years （dependability level 50% , 25% and 75% ） , respectively, achieving a goal of basically satisfying the lake＇s ecological water demand.