儒家政教文艺观与魏晋赋格建构

Confucianist political literature and the meter of songs in Wei and Jin

在三国儒运衰微、西晋复振、东晋玄儒消长的过程中,宣扬王权一统、四海归一仍是此间重要的文人心态和文学命题;魏晋咏物赋具有鲜明的儒家"比德"观的痕迹,而其篇幅容量和表现技法又有着异于汉赋的细入、周密、采缛等特点。此外,魏晋的变乱局势激发了文人关注个体生命价值、追求个性自由、独立批判、注重挖掘和表现内在情志等主题,更是创新性地拓展了汉赋言志讽喻的传统。儒家政治文艺观念在流变中不断向魏晋辞赋渗透,并对魏晋辞赋精神气格的建构产生深远影响。同时,魏晋辞赋对于儒学影响的剥离运动也始终存在。魏晋玄儒并济的赋风、东晋玄言赋的兴起与纯自然化笔法的推广,均是其表现。

While Confucianism fluctuates during Three Kingdoms, Wei and Jin dynasties, the literary theme of the central ruling becomes dominant. The songs are devoted to odes to things with distinctive de- tailing, and intricate features of the songs of Han dynasty. Moreover, the uprisings of the Wei and Jin give way to the new literary themes of value, freedom, and explorations of inner expressions. This, in turn, helps expand the Han style of allegories, and restore or inherit the Confucian conceptions.