张之洞备荒赈灾思想的渊源与内涵

A historical study of Zhang Zhidong and his ideas of disaster relief

中国历史上灾荒频仍,晚清时期自然灾害更是频繁发生,其中尤以光绪年间为重。张之洞为官就处于这样一个时代。频繁发生的灾荒以及在灾荒影响下的民生困苦情形使得张之洞内心深处受到极大震撼,由此直接造就了张之洞的备荒赈灾思想。这一思想的主要渊源有:经世致用思想、天命主义禳灾论和古圣先贤救治灾荒的成功经验等。该思想的内涵则主要表现为:珍重生命的以民为本思想、注重实效的实用主义思想、防患于未然的未雨绸缪思想和不分畛域的顾全大局思想等。

In the late Qing period, natural disasters frequently occur, especially in the reign of Emper- or Guangxu. Zhang Zhidong is shocked by the grassroot sufferings, and he puts forward the ideas of disas- ter relief. Zhang Zhidong bases on Confucian ideology, destiny, and successful experiences of the past. His ideas feature in the man-based, pragmatism, prevention and globalization.