1Stenager E, Gerner-Smidt P, Kock-Jensen C. Ventriculostomy-related infections-an epidemilolgical study [ J ]. Acta Nanrochir ( Wien ), 1999,83:20.
2Zingale A, Ippolito S, Pappalardo P, et al. Infections and re- infections in long-term external ventricular drainage. A variation upon a theme[J]. J Neurosurg Sci,2004,43 : 125.
3Lundberg F,Wady L,Soderstrom S,et al. Ewtennal ventricular drain- age catheters:effect of surface heparinization on bacterial colonization and infection[J]. Acta Neurochir (Wien),2000,142:1377.
4Hampl J,Schierholz J,Jansen B,et al. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a rifampin-loaded silicone catheter for the prevention of CSF shunt infactions [ J ]. Acta Neurochir(wien) ,2006,133 : 147.