经皮扩张气管切开术与传统气管切开术在ICU中的应用比较

Application comparison of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy and conventional surgical tracheostomy in ICU

目的:比较经皮扩张气管切开术与传统气管切开术在ICU中的应用及特点。方法:入住ICU的72例危重患者被随机分为两组,其中经皮扩张气管切开术组(PDT组)41例,同期传统气管切开术组(ST组)31例。对照两组在手术切口大小、手术时间、预后、早期并发症和晚期并发症发生率之间的差异。结果:PDT组的手术时间、切口大小、术中出血、术中低氧血症、切口感染、切口溢痰及并发症的发生率明显低于ST组(P<0.05)。结论:经皮扩张气管切开术与传统气管切开术相比,具有速度快、损伤小、并发症少等优点,值得在ICU中推广应用。

Objective： To study the application and characteristics of percutaneous dilational tracheostomy and traditional tracheotomy in intensive care unit（ICU）.Methods： Seventy-two critical ill patients admitted to ICU were randomly divided into two groups： percutaneous dilational tracheostomy group（PDT group） 41 cases,conventional surgical tracheostomy group（ST group）31 cases.We compared operation incision size,operative time,blood loss,early and late complication rate.Results： Comparing with ST group,the complications in PDT group significantly reduced.In PDT group,complications such as the time of operation,length of incision,amount of bleeding,intraoperative hypoxemia,incision infection,incision overflow sputum were obviously lower than those of the ST group（P0.05）.Conclusion： Comparing with the conventional surgical tracheostomy,percutaneous dilational tracheostomy has the advantages of higher speed,less damage,fewer complications.It is worth to promote the application in the ICU.