伙伴还是害敌?——从人虎关系看淮北江南生态环境变迁

Partner or Enemy——On the Changes of Ecological Environment in the North of the Huaihe River and the South of the Yangze River from the Relations between Human and Tigers

历史上,中国是多虎之地。虎的普遍存在,反映了当时生态环境的优越。中国史籍中不乏人虎和谐相处的记载。出于生存需要,且智识的局限,人类长期视虎为害敌。近数百年里,由于火器的应用,终于灭绝了绝大多数虎类。淮北的开发远早于江南,汉唐时均有大量的虎事记载,明清时虎迹已极为罕见。江南虎事主要出现于六朝以后,明清时仍不绝于书。不论淮北,还是江南,人类在灭绝虎类的同时,也摧毁了自然界的生物多样性,破坏了自身的生存环境。

China in history is a country with a lot of tigers.The general existence of tigers reflects the great advantages of ecological environment at that time.In the past hundreds of years,the application of fire-arms finally extinguished the overwhelming majority of tigers.The exploitation of the north of the Huaihe River is earlier than the south of the Yanze River.In the Han and Tang Dynasties,there are many records about the tiger,but few in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The records about the tiger in the south of Yangze River mainly occur after the Six Dynasties,and there are still many in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In the north of the Huaihe River or the south of the Yangze River,Human make the tiger extinguish,simultaneously wreck biological diversity and destroy the environment for human survival.