言语自我修补中的知晓感研究

An Insight into Feeling of Knowing in Speech Self-Repair

知晓感是元认知的一个核心概念,是人类元记忆监控判断的一种重要形式。话者的自我修补过程是一个有感知的认知和元认知行为。话者有能力自我监控到各类言语错误,并且能够在感知的状态下控制、调节话语产生,达到最优化表达之目的。自我修补过程存在着不同的提示,包括填充词、暂停和音、韵、调提示等。它们向听者传达了修补信息以及话者想保住语轮、争取时间重新计划言语和计划修补等信息。修补策略说明话者对言语错误实行修补具有知晓感,重复体现了话者对言内错误修补的知晓感,重组、替换和插入则体现了话者对言外错误修补的知晓感。因此,Koriat的知晓感理论对自然言语自我修补具有解释力。

Feeling of knowing（FOK）,a core metacognitive concept,is an important theory in the monitoring judgment of human metamemory.The study reveals that the speaker＇s self-repair process is itself a conscious cognitive and metacognitive act in which the speaker self-monitors the speech errors of various types,controls and regulates the speech in the conscious way in order to achieve the aim of optimal delivery.It also brings to light cues including fillers,pauses and acoustic,prosodic and intonational cues that convey the speaker＇s intention to hold the floor,re-plan the speech and self-repair the errors.Besides,the repair strategies the speaker resorts to also evince the feeling of knowing.It is found that the self-repetition indicates the implicit feeling of knowing the speaker exhibits to repair the covert errors while the reformulation,substitution and insertion strategies bespeak the speaker＇s explicit feeling of knowing to correct the overt errors.Therefore,it is proved that Koriat＇s theory has explanatory power for self-repair.