中国入世以来的对外贸易与环境效率——基于分省面板数据的统计分析

China's Foreign Trade and Environmental Efficiency since Its Entering the WTO:A Statistical Analysis of Panel Data from Chinese Provinces

中国加入世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization,WTO)之后,对外贸易的总量增长与结构变动非常显著,这在推动国民经济快速发展的同时,也对环境效率产生了不可忽视的影响。首先运用Super-SBM模型测度了2001-2010年中国大陆各省份的环境效率值,再使用分位数回归分析了入世前后环境效率的影响因素,然后采用变系数省级面板数据模型检验了外贸进口和出口增长率对环境效率影响的空间特征。结果表明,入世以来,中国大陆各省份的对外贸易在一定程度上导致了环境效率整体不高,并呈略微下降的趋势;外贸对环境效率的影响在显著性、方向和力度等方面均呈现明显的空间异质性,东部一些贸易总额比较大的省份在环境保护方面处于领先地位。文章最后根据实证结论提出了相应的政策建议。

Since China joining the World Trade Organization（WTO）,foreign trade has undergone a significant change in volume and structure.This facilitates the rapid development of national economy.Meanwhile,the environment efficiency also has a negligible impact.In this paper,we first utilize Super-SBM models to measure the environmental protection efficiency of various provinces of China mainland during the period 2001 to 2010.Then,it uses a quantile regression to analyze the influencing factor before and after accession to the WTO.At last,we adopts variable coefficients model with provinces panel data to test the spatial characteristic of foreign trade import and export’s influence on environmental protection efficiency.The results show that since accession to the WTO,China’s foreign trade in the provinces contributes to relatively low environmental protection efficiency at a certain extent,and the efficiency tend to descend slightly.The influence of foreign trade on environmental protection efficiency presents remarkable spatial heterogeneity in aspect of significance,direction,power and etc.,and some eastern provinces with a comparatively large amount of total trade are advanced at environmental protection.Finally,some policy proposals are given according to empirical results.