镇域尺度农村土地承包经营权流转及社会经济驱动因素分析——以北京市昌平区为例

Effect of Socio-Economic Factors on Agricultural Land Use Right Transfer: A Case Study of Changping, Beijing

农村土地承包经营权流转是我国继家庭联产承包责任制实施以来,又一项重要的农村土地制度改革。本文以北京市昌平区为例,在镇域尺度上通过对流转土地斑块景观特征的刻画,并运用主成分回归建立流转率与社会经济因素的关系,认识土地流转的景观特征及驱动因素。结果显示,研究区土地流转具有一定的规模但空间分布不均衡,流转后土地有明显的非农化趋势,并且东部乡镇的流转斑块在面积和形状上的差异普遍较大;在社会经济因素方面,农民生活水平是影响土地流转发生规模的最重要因素,交通基础设施以及农村旅游产业也是影响流转的重要因素。因此,促进土地流转首先要考虑当地农民的生活状况,积极开拓非农化就业渠道;而面对流转后土地的非农化趋势,要积极引导转入方进行大规模农业经营。

Land use right transfer has been an important rural land reform since the implementation of Household Contract Responsibility. Transfer has solved a conflict between justice and benefits. In this article we use Changping district in Beijing as a case study and analyze landscape features and socio-economic drivers of rural land use right transfer. Our aim is to provide a reference for land transfer policy optimization. Changping district is located in the centre of the Beijing administrative area and because of an expanding capital city circle, its economy is well developed. In order to analyze the landscape features and ascertain the size the ratio of transferred land, we first extracted the boundaries of land patches partitioned by rights, determined the property management rights of each patch, and investigated land use types of rental patches. We depicted the landscape features of rental patches and used principal component regression to establish the relationship between the ratio of transferred land and socio-economic factors at a town scale. Our data show that land use transfer of the study are has scale structure, but that the spatial distribution is uneven. The ratio of transferred land of the southeast of Changping is highest, followed by the central region; the lowest ratio appears in the mountains to the north and southwest. A non-agricultural land use tendency is obvious after transfer, and mainly exists in the southeast. According to a principal components analysis, the first two principle components were farmers＇ living standards and rural tourism. Regression analysis showed that the most important factor to land transfer scale are farmers＇ living standards, and transfer infrastructure and rural tourism are additional important factors. To promote land transfer, consideration should be given to the living standards of local farmers and channels for non-agricultural employment.