自由主义之外:毛泽东自由观述论

Outside the Liberalism: on Mao Tse-tung’s Idea on Liberalism

毛泽东认为自由主义的非政治化只是假象,自由主义从一开始就是政治,其实质是资产阶级专政。虽然反对自由主义,毛泽东并不反对自由本身。他认为依照客观规律改造世界是无产阶级和劳动人民集体的自由实践。阻碍这一事业的阶级将被剥夺自由权利,而人民中的个体将获得范围较小的个人自由。人民的自由以"敌对阶级"的不自由为条件,个人为了维护自己的自由,就必须与"敌对阶级"的成员尽量保持距离,将他们作为他者。自由问题于是就转化为认同问题,维护自由权利的行动于是转化为身份政治。

Mao Tse-tung holds the opinion that the de-politicization of liberalism is an illusion, and that liberalism from the start belongs to politics with its essence being the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie. As the 'enemy class’s' illiberality is the precondition for people’s freedom, individuals have to keep distance from the 'enemy class' and regard them as others. The freedom issue then transforms into recognition issue, and the action of maintaining rights of freedom then becomes identity politics.