对“罗马化”及罗马帝国文化认同的反思

Reflections on “Romanization” and Cultural Identity in the Roman Empire

罗马帝国各行省文化变迁的动因、过程和表现方式,一直是罗马帝国研究中的核心问题。自19世纪末以来,"罗马化"这一概念主导了相关研究,但探索"罗马化"的范式历经了一个明显的转向:各行省的文化变迁已不再被理解为本地人在多大程度上被罗马化了,学者们转而关注不同地点的不同人群对文化变迁的感受和反应。罗马化的重要特征在于只有上流社会被罗马化了,其后果是扩大而非缩小了行省中精英与百姓、富人与穷人、城市与乡村之间的鸿沟。

The driving forces, processes and manifestations of cultural change in provinces of the Roman Empire always stand as one of the key issues in the study of the Roman Empire. Since the end of the 19th century, the concept 'Romanization' has dominated the field, but the scholarly approaches to 'Romanization' have been changed over the years.