多元社会思潮与意识形态危机——苏联政治悲剧的历史反思

Multiple Ethos and Ideological Crisis——A Reflection on the Soviet Union's Political Tragedy

自20世纪80年代开始,苏共领导人逐步背叛马克思列宁主义,错误抛出自由化改革,引发非马克思主义社会思潮泛滥,导致意识形态全线崩溃。以"公开性、多元论"为特征的民主社会主义思潮动摇了马列主义理论基石,信奉"市场万能"的新自由主义思潮摧毁社会主义经济基础,"为历史翻案"的历史虚无主义思潮扭曲苏联共产党形象,鼓吹"大俄罗斯"的民族沙文主义思潮引发苏联国家认同危机。多元社会思潮的催化剂效应,导致社会主义制度的政治合法性全线崩溃,最终瓦解了苏共,毁灭了苏联。苏共在处理多元社会思潮问题上的教训十分深刻,对我党的意识形态建设具有重要的警示与启发意义。

Since the 1980’s,the leaders of the Soviet Communist Party gradually betrayed Marxism-Leninism and wrongly con-ducted the liberalized reform.As a result,non-Marxist ethos proliferated and the whole ideology collapsed.Democratic socialist ethos characterized by＂openness,pluralism ＂shook the theoretical cornerstone of Marxism-Leninism.Neo-liberalism believing in＂universal market＂destroyed the socialist economic foundation.Historical nihilism aiming at＂historical revisionism＂distorted the image of the Soviet Communist Party.Ethnic chauvinism advocating the＂Big Russia＂led to the Soviet national identity crisis.The catalyst effect of the multiple ethos led to the collapse of the political legitimacy of socialist system,and ultimately the col-lapse of the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet Union.The lessons of the Soviet Communist Party in dealing with multiple ethos are profound and also instructive to the ideological construction of the Chinese Communist Party.