物种受威胁状况评估:研究进展与中国的案例

Assessing species endangerment status:progress in research and an example from China

评估物种濒危等级,确定物种保护优先序,是生物多样性保护的一项重要工作。通过不断的修订,IUCN红色名录濒危等级标准已经趋于完善。但是,目前人们还在探索在无法获得物种的种群数量、生境、生活史数据时,如何寻找替代指标评估物种濒危等级。我们综述了国内外物种濒危状况研究的进展,提出了结合物种分布区、生活史、生态功能、人为干扰和特殊利用价值的评估物种受威胁状况的方法,并以此方法评估了中国陆生脊椎动物的生存状况。结果表明,列入灭绝级的物种有5个,功能性灭绝级的物种有30个,濒危级的物种有343个,受胁级的物种有459个,关注级的物种有439个,无危级的物种有1,032个。

It is an important task in biodiversity conservation to assess species endangerment status and ae- termine protection priorities. Although IUCN Redlist Criteria are improving through periodical revision, people are still developing different criteria because information about population census, habitat status and life history of a given species are often lacking. We reviewed the progress of assessing species endangerment status, both internationally and domestically, and propose that future designations combine distribution area, life history, ecological function, anthropogenic interference and special use data to more accurately assess endangerment status. As an example, we assessed the status of terrestrial vertebrates in China using this method. Our results showed that five species were listed in the category of extinct, 30 species were extinct, 343 species were endangered, 459 species were threatened, 439 species were concemed, and 1,032 species were least concerned.